Yes, JDO, JPA (and Jakarta Persistence) all allow 1 discriminator (value) only. JDO metadata strictly speaking permits multiple columns for some reason, but there is only space for 1 value and that's what DataNucleus has always stuck to. Multiple discriminator values makes little sense to me FWIW.
I don't see any way of having multiple discriminator columns by using extensions with current DataNucleus code.
Options
Update DN code to cater for multiple columns (and values) for each class, and then provide a mechanism for getting class name from the column values. This is potentially a lot of work, and would have to retain compatibility with standard JDO / JPA handling.
Update your DB to only have a single (surrogate) column and use standard JDO discriminator handling.
Update your class(es) to map on to a single one of the (surrogate) columns and optionally read in the other column (if it is still important) into a field of the class(es).